Process and apparatus for reducing wood to pulp.



E. M. HALL. PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING WOOD TO PULP.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 27, 1914.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

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E. M. HALL. PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REDUUING WUODTO PULP APPLEOATIOH FILED H0127 1914.

19132358, Patented Mar.16,1915.

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logs cf Weed in the breaking #1 51313 5 13 ELI.

1 132 238 epecifieatien 01" I'L'd'sl'ifils Fetemb Apglioatinzz filed. 2?, $112 0. WQQG'I.

Zpailwhom it may concern: in'e the magazines, so that they lie e11 ih 6e ZGEOWE tam, I, EDWARIJ M ece, and with their SldES penile so fine ertlsien. 0i: "we Umted Steies, 1 0f stone. Fressure 1s appliedv to the Deie 161 3 1- the count-y oi tie 5:

State of New Yerk, have invented useful improvements in Pl'OC8SS surface s? Redueiyg dad in p e e p lelow its axis a spray of whleh the follmvmg 1e inemen. We er 9 oeci ante the surface @3 5 the The eb eci; l have 1.11 stone. '5 1121101111 the melstm'e carried around on ihe surface Wood uip the fibers 0 KKOKSTE/u suz'feee of the Legs,

longer, stronger mere unife. those secured by any of the meek? esses new in use, Th L'l'eehanicel prowess fie reu'ghee the surfwe ,Jup machmes and shame Qngz th stem 3 b q pr:

"eerie used 10. 8.1

5' 1e erecess we I n r are sub eete :Z and 3, wherel the 1e shmvn as My invemien means i'e'r we -ntingg separated fieess, I depesi ihefibers in aim leeetel in the periphery 0f by they are protected actionv as the surface in under the verieus legs to In the drawings, farming a, gem Figure 1 is verieai seeion w knewn fem of pulp machine in W stone is prepared in I venzion, Fig" Q a free-t View Q15 2, pee-2 31 ue lnefihei r minuee, deepen Pm'nts on the Tribes 5 ever e stone e gremm.

1111b .gth, 035 the fibers e1 eepamtefi from. the These fibers W31 eh torn out 0f he ieft pertiez: e 10;; magazine i are caught on the evmaee 0i ihe st'ene and as it moves ferward e subjected in a rolling 0r grind etion befiween the surface of he stone under :smfeee the 10: 1,116 1 1 L a n .zme, fine smee moves IO!- s y ebgecaeri 0 further gyindmg 1611 1:1 megazmea 5 and. 6. 1e fibers er i2, 1- LUBTBJEOYS, n01; only greund in the same magezine in whieh they are separated, but" aye suhjeete be aciditi'ene'i grinding in other fi gazines, and this r en .es in bruising the breaking em up into 10w;

This process, preetisec? fer many years Witheut subs? "'ltial change, results in the production 0f pulp, the fibers eff which are so short and so Weak, hhat itis impracticable w attempt the commercial produceion of prime paper solely from such pulp. nee itisnthe usual practice to mix tee is nausea? :6 anew, ev

- 1 barked. 2mmv tier 00 my invehfiion Y varying ifreln lines subsmlitiejly action ofa rapidly moving roughened surface, and then withdrawing the separated fibers and depositing them in depressions in the abrasive surface so as to protect the fibers from being subjected to an appreciable and objectionable grinding action betweerrthe abrasive surface and the under surface of the logs.

One plan for utilizing my invention, in connection with the pulp machines I have described above, is shown in Figs. 2 and 3,

wherein a series of grooves 0, are indicated extending across and'located in the surface of the stone. The surface of the stone between the grooves is roughened in the usual manner. As an abrasive surface d comes under the left hand under surface of the log 7 inmagazine-4, the fibers which are torn out, instead of remaining on the surface of the stone, are pushed down into the next, or one of the succeeding grooves c, and are thus removed from the abrasive surface of the stone and protected from the grinding action to which they would otherwise be subjected in the same and succeeding magazines. This is the action which takes place as each abrasivesurface passes under the logs in the various magazines, and thus the fibers, or the greater portion of them, are collected in the grooves o, and protected from th'e'obj ectionable grinding action as they pass under the logs in the various magazines, until they pass under the spray 9, which washes them out of the grooves into the tank below. I have shown the grooves 0 of triangular shape and disposed in a straight line across the surface of the stone, and parallel with its axis, I prefer to make the grooves one'eighth-of an inch deep and one eighth of an inch wide at their mouths,

and to disposethem around the surface of the stone about three quarters of an inch apart, measuring from center to center of vthe grooves.

volving stone. But without departing from my invention, theshape and dimensions of the grooves, the distance between them and I the direction inwhich they extend across the stone may, of course, be varied. The grooves may extend across the face of the stone in a wavy line or in a straight line, but at an angle to the axis of the stone, as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 respectively. Instead of grooves extending entirel across the surface of the shine, I may use cells distributed over the surface of the' stone, and located in lines either parallel or at an angle to the axis of the stone, and the The fibers of the pulp produced by my process are long and strong enough to permit of the manufacture of paper, wholly from this pulp without the addition of any chemically prepared pulp. This results in a very considerable saving in the cost of manufacture of paper, and the elimination ofseveral troublesome features experienced in the production of paper from mixed pulp.

The fibers of chemically prepared pulp shrink more readily than the fibers of mechanically prepared pulp when subjected to the heat necessary to evaporate the waterin the process of manufacture of the paper, re sulting in the drawing of the web to such an extent that the paper sometimes curls on the rolls. I Also, the chemically prepared pulp is frequently f gummy which tends to, cause the paper to stick to the rolls as it passes through the presses. These objectionable features, present in the manufacture of paper from mixed pulp, are entirely eliminated when paper is made wholly from pulp produced by my process, in which the fibers are clean and uniform in strength and,

quality. I

I claim as my invention:

1. The process of reducing wood to pulp, which consists in subjecting the wood to successive abrasive actions in direction sub-' stantially perpendicular to the length of the fiber, whereby the fibers are separated. out from the wood, and protecting saidfibers that h ave been separated by preceding abrasive actions from being broken and injured during succeeding abrasive actions and then removing the said separated fibers 2. Apparatus for reducing wood to pulp,

comprising, 'in combination, a. movable im plement, the surface of which consists of av series of abrasive portions adapted to rub the fibers in a. direction substantially perpendicular-to the length of the fibers, said abrasive portions being separated by depressions forthe collection and protection of the separated fiber, said depressions extending across the surface of said implement, and means for pressing the Wood against the surface of the implement. I

3. Apparatus for reducing wood to fiber, comprising, in con'ibination a movable element having an abrasive surface adapted to rub the fibers in a direction substantially perpendicular to their length, in which surface are located a series or" depressions for the reception and protection of the separated fibers, and means for subjecting the Wood to the eetion of said abrasive surface,

4. Apparatus for reducing logs to pulp, comprising, in combination, an implement mounted in a. vertical position and adapted to revolve on a shaft, a number of detached magazines located around the surface of said implement for the reception of the logs to be reduced to fiber, means in each of said magazines for pressing the logs against the surface of said implement, depressions 10-- cated in the surface of said implement, the surface of the implement between each of said depressions being roughened, said depressions being formed for the purpose of collecting substantially all of the separated fibers and protecting them from grinding action when passing under the wood to be ground, and means for removing the fibers from said depressions after they have passed from under the last of the logs to be reduced.

FRED H. CLARK. 

